Cfa Level1 Note †Ethics and Professional Standards Free Essays

string(27) " of the previous employer\." Ethical and Professional Standards 1. : Code of Ethics A. : State the four components of the Code of Ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Cfa Level1 Note – Ethics and Professional Standards or any similar topic only for you Order Now Members of AIMR shall: 1. Act with integrity, competence, dignity, and in an ethical manner when dealing with the public, clients, prospects, employers, employees, and fellow members. 2. Practice and encourage others to practice in a professional and ethical manner that will reflect credit on members and their profession. 3. Strive to maintain and improve their competence and the competence of others in the profession. . Use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment. to launch Standards of Practice 2-I. : Standards of Professional Conduct: I. Fundamental Responsibilities A. : Know the laws and rules. Standard: Maintain knowledge of and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations (including AIMR’s Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct) of any government, government agency, regulatory organization, licensing agency, or professional association governing the members’ professional activities. Compliance: Members can acquire and maintain knowledge about applicable laws, rules, and regulations by: †¢ Maintaining current files on applicable statutes, rules, and regulations. †¢ Keeping informed. †¢ Reviewing written compliance procedures on a regular basis. B. : Don’t break or help others break the law. Standard: Not knowingly participate or assist in any violation of such laws, rules, or regulations. Compliance: When members suspect a client or a colleague of planning or engaging in ongoing illegal activities, members should take the following actions: †¢ Consult counsel to determine if the conduct is, in fact, illegal. Disassociate from any illegal or unethical activity. When members have reasonable grounds to believe that a client’s or employee’s activities are illegal or unethical, the members should dissociate from these activities and urge their firm to attempt to persuade the perpetrator to cease such activity. 2-II. : Standards of Professional Conduct: II. Relationships with and Responsibilities to the Profession A. : Use of Professional Designation II(A. 1) AIMR members may reference their membership only in a dignified and judicious manner. The use of the reference may be accompanied by an accurate explanation of the requirements that have been met to obtain membership in these organizations. II(A. 2) Those who have earned the right to use the Chartered Financial Analyst designation may use the marks â€Å"Chartered Financial Analyst† or â€Å"CFA† and are encouraged to do so, but only in a proper, dignified, and judicious manner. The use of the designation may be accompanied by an accurate explanation of the requirements that have been met to obtain the right to use the designation. II(A. ) Candidates in the CFA Program, as defined in the AIMR Bylaws, may reference their participation in the CFA Program, but the reference must clearly state that an individual is a candidate in the CFA Program and cannot imply that the candidate has achieved any type of partial designation. B. : Professional Misconduct II(B. 1) Members shall not engage in any professional conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit, or mis representation or commit any act that reflects adversely on their honesty, trustworthiness, or professional competence. II(B. 2) Members and candidates shall not engage in any conduct or commit any act that compromises the integrity of the CFA designation or the integrity or validity of the examinations leading to the award of the right to use the CFA designation. Compliance: 1. Make clear that dishonest personal behavior reflects poorly on the profession. 2. Adopt a code of ethics to which every employee must subscribe. 3. Conduct background checks on potential employees to ensure that they are of good character and eligible to work in the investment industry. C. : Prohibition against Plagiarism Standard: Members shall not copy or use, in substantially the same form as the original, material prepared by another without acknowledging and identifying the name of the author, publisher, or source of such material. Members may use, without acknowledgment, factual information published by recognized financial and statistical reporting services or similar sources. ? ? Compliance: 1. Maintain copies of materials that were relied on in preparing the research report. 2. Attribute quotations (and projections, tables, statistics, models, and methodologies) used other than recognized financial and statistical reporting services. 3. Attribute paraphrases and summaries of material prepared by others. 2-III. : Standards of Professional Conduct: III. Relationships and Responsibilities to the Employer A. : Inform your Employer of the Code and Standards III(A. 1) Members shall inform their employer in writing, through their direct supervisor, that they are obligated to comply with the Code and Standards and are subject to disciplinary sanctions for violations thereof. III(A. 2) Members shall deliver a copy of the Code and Standards to their employer if the employer does not have a copy. Compliance: Members should notify their supervisor in writing of the Code and Standards and the member’s responsibility to follow them. The member should also suggest that the employers adopt the Code and Standards and disseminate it throughout the firm. If the employer has publicly acknowledged, in writing, that they have adopted AIMR’s Code and Standards as part of the firm’s policies then the member need not give the formal written notification as required by III(A). B. : Duty to Employer Standard: Members shall not undertake any independent practice that could result in compensation or other benefit in competition with their employer unless they obtain written consent from both their employer and the persons or entities for whom they undertake independent practice. ? ? Compliance: 1. Members who plan to engage in independent practice for compensation should provide written statements to their employer describing the types of services they will perform, the expected duration of the services, and the compensation they will receive. . Members should also disclose to their prospective clients the identity of their employer, the fact that they are performing independently of the employer, and what their employer would charge for similar services. 3. Members seeking new employment should not contact existing clients or potential clients prior to leaving their employer or take records/files to their new employer without the written permission of the pr evious employer. You read "Cfa Level1 Note – Ethics and Professional Standards" in category "Papers" C. Disclose Conflicts between you and your Employer III(C. 1): Members shall disclose to their employer all matters, including beneficial ownership of securities or other investments, that reasonably could be expected to interfere with their duty to their employer or ability to make unbiased and objective recommendations. III(C. 2): Members shall comply with any prohibitions on activities imposed by their employer if a conflict of interest exists. Compliance: Members should report to their employers any beneficial interest and any special relationships, like corporate directorships, that may reasonably be considered a conflict of interest with their responsibilities. Members should also discuss the situation with their firm’s compliance officer before taking any action that could lead to a conflict of interest. D. : Disclose Additional Compensation from Outside the Firm to your Employer Standard: Members shall disclose to their employer in writing all monetary ompensation or other benefits that they receive for their services that are in addition to compensation or benefits conferred by a member’s employer. Compliance: Members should make an immediate written report to their employer specifying any compensation or benefits they receive or propose to receive for services in addition to what their employer is to give them. This written report should state the terms of any oral or written agreement, the amount of co mpensation, and the duration of the agreement. E. : Responsibilities of Supervisors Standard: Members with supervisory responsibilities, authority, or the ability to influence the conduct of others shall exercise reasonable supervision over those subject to their supervision or authority to prevent any violation of applicable statutes, regulation, or provisions of the Code and Standards. In so doing, members are entitled to rely on reasonable procedures designed to detect and prevent such violations. ? ? Compliance: The supervisor and the compliance officer should: 1. Disseminate the compliance procedures. 2. Update the procedures as necessary. 3. Educate the staff and issue periodic reminders. . Incorporate a professional conduct evaluation into the employee’s performance review. 5. Review employee actions to ensure compliance and identify violators, initiating procedures once a violation has occurred. A supervisor should respond promptly to the violation by conducting a thorough investigation, and placing limitations on the wrongdoer until the investigation is complete. 2-IV. : Standards of Professional Conduct: IV. Relationships with and Responsibilities to Clients and Prospects A. : The Investment Process IV(A. 1) Reasonable Basis and Representations. Members shall: a. Exercise diligence and thoroughness in making investment recommendations or in taking investment actions. b. Have a reasonable and adequate basis, supported by appropriate research and investigation, for such recommendations or actions. c. Make reasonable and diligent efforts to avoid any material misrepresentation in any research report or investment recommendation. d. Maintain appropriate records to support the reasonableness of such recommendations or actions. Compliance: 1. Analyze the investment’s basic characteristics (records must show the characteristics of the investment and the basis for the recommendation). . Analyze the needs of the portfolio (includes the client’s needs, as well as the needs of the total portfolio). 3. Maintain files to support investment recommendations. [pic] IV(A. 2) Research Reports. Members shall: a. Use reasonable judgment regarding the inclusion or exclusion of relevant factors in research reports. b. Distinguish between facts and op inions in research reports. c. Indicate the basic characteristics of the investment involved when preparing for public distribution a research report that is not directly related to a specific portfolio or client. Compliance: Members should consider including the following information in research reports: 1. Expected annual rates of return, calculated on a total return basis. 2. Annual income expectations. 3. Current rate of return or yield. 4. The degree of uncertainty associated with the cash flows, and other risk factors. 5. The investment’s marketability or liquidity. [pic] IV(A. 3) Independence and Objectivity. Members shall use reasonable care and judgment to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in making investment recommendations or taking investment actions. Compliance: 1. Protect integrity of opinions. Reports should reflect the analyst’s unbiased opinion. 2. Disclose all corporate relationships (i. e. , directorships, underwriting arrangements or acting as a market maker). 3. Disclose personal holdings and beneficial ownerships. 4. Create a restricted list. 5. Restrict special cost arrangements. Members should pay for their commercial transportation and hotel charges. 6. Limit gifts (US$100 is the maximum acceptable value for a gift or gratuity). 7. Restrict investments (strict limits should be imposed on private placements). 8. Review procedures (supervise the personal investment activities of the employees). B. : Interactions with Clients and Prospects IV(B. 1) Fiduciary Duties: In relationships with clients, members shall use particular care in determining applicable fiduciary duty and shall comply with such duty as to those persons and interests to whom the duty is owed. Members must act for the benefit of their clients and place their clients’ interests before their own. Compliance: 1. Follow all applicable rules and laws. 2. Establish the investment objectives of the client. 3. Diversify. 4. Deal fairly with all clients with respect to investment actions. 5. Disclose all possible conflicts of interest. . Disclose compensation arrangements. 7. Preserve the confidentiality of client information. 8. Maintain loyalty to the plan beneficiaries. [pic] IV(B. 2) Portfolio Investment Recommendations and Actions: Members shall: a. Make a reasonable inquiry into a client’s financial situation, investment experience, and investment objectives prior to making any investment recommen dations and shall update this information as necessary, but no less frequently than annually, to allow the members to adjust their investment recommendations to reflect changed circumstances. b. Consider the appropriateness and suitability of investment recommendations or actions for each portfolio or client (including the needs and circumstances of the portfolio or client, the basic characteristics of the investment involved, and the basic characteristics of the total portfolio). c. Distinguish between facts and opinions in presenting recommendations. d. Disclose to clients and prospects the basic format and general principles of the investment processes by which securities are selected and portfolios are constructed and shall promptly disclose to clients and prospects any changes that might significantly affect those processes. Compliance: Know basic nature of your client; know objectives and constraints. [pic] IV(B. 3) Fair Dealing: Members shall deal fairly and objectively with all clients and prospects when disseminating investment recommendations, disseminating material changes in prior investment recommendations, and taking investment action. Compliance: 1. Limit the number of people privy to recommendations and changes. 2. Shorten the time frame between initiation and dissemination. 3. Publish personnel guidelines for pre-dissemination. 4. Simultaneous dissemination. 5. Establish rules about employee trading activities. . Establish procedures for determining material changes. 7. Maintain a list of clients and their holdings. 8. Develop trade allocation procedures. 9. Make sure one account is not being used to bail out other accounts. 10. If the firm offers differing levels of service, this fact should be disclosed to all clients. [pic] IV(B. 4) Priority of Transactions: Clients and employers shall hav e priority over transactions in securities or other investments of which a member is the beneficial owner so that such personal transactions do not operate adversely to their clients’ or employer’s interests. If members make a recommendation regarding the purchase or sale of a security or other investment, they shall give their clients and employer adequate opportunity to act on the recommendation before acting on their own behalf. Compliance: 1. Define personal transactions. 2. Define covered investments. 3. Limit the number of access persons. â€Å"Fire Walls† should be built to prevent the flow of information from one group or department to other groups within the firm. 4. Define prohibited transactions. The text specifically mentions equity based IPOs. . Establish reporting procedures and prior-clearance requirements. 6. Ensure that procedures will be enforced and establish disciplinary procedures. [pic] IV(B. 5) Preservation of Confidentiality: Members shall preserve the confidentiality of information communicated by clients, prospects, or employers concerning matters within the scope of the client-member, prospect-member, or employer-member relationship unless the member rece ives information concerning illegal activities on the part of the client, prospect, or employer. Compliance: The simplest and most effective way to comply is to avoid discussing any information received from a client except to colleagues working on the same project. [pic] IV(B. 6) Prohibition against Misrepresentation: Members shall not make any statements, orally or in writing that misrepresent: a. the services that they or their firms are capable of performing. b. their qualifications or the qualifications of their firm. c. the member’s academic or professional credentials. Members shall not make or imply, orally or in writing, any assurances or guarantees regarding any investment except to communicate accurate information regarding the terms of the investment instrument and the issuer’s obligations under the instrument. Compliance: Firms can provide guidance to employees who make written or oral presentations to clients or prospects by providing a written list of the firm’s available services and a description of the firm’s qualifications. [pic] IV(B. ) Disclosure of Conflicts to Clients and Prospects: Members shall disclose to their clients and prospects all matters, including beneficial ownership of securities or other investments, that reasonably could be expected to impair the member’s ability to make unbiased and objective recommendations. Compliance: Members should report to their employers, clients, and prospects any material beneficial interest they may have in securities, corporate directorships, or other special re lationships they may have with the companies they are recommending. Members should make the disclosures before they make any recommendations or take any investment actions regarding these investments. [pic] IV(B. 8) Disclosure of Referral Fees: Members shall disclose to clients and prospects any consideration or benefit received by the member or delivered to others for the recommendation of any services to the client or prospect. Compliance: 1. Disclose all agreements in writing to any client or prospect who has been referred. 2. Describe in the disclosure the nature of the consideration and the estimated dollar value of the consideration. . Consult a supervisor and legal counsel concerning any prospective arrangement regarding referral fees. 2-V. : Standards of Professional Conduct: V. Relationships with and Responsibilities to the Investing Public A. : Prohibition against Use of Material Nonpublic Information Standard: Members who possess material nonpublic information related to the value of a security shall not trade or cause others to trade in t hat security if such trading would breach a duty or if the information was misappropriated or relates to a tender offer. If members receive material nonpublic information in confidence, they shall not breach that confidence by trading or causing others to trade in securities to which such information relates. Members shall make reasonable efforts to achieve public dissemination of material nonpublic information disclosed in breach of a duty. Compliance: Fire walls, minimum elements are: 1. Control over interdepartmental communications. 2. Review employee trading against restricted lists. 3. Restrict proprietary trading while the firm is in possession of material nonpublic information. Additional procedures: 1. Restrict personal and proprietary employee trading. 2. Place securities on a restricted list when the firm has material nonpublic information. 3. Disseminate material nonpublic information only to those with a need to know. 4. Designate a supervisor who decides when trading is appropriate. B. : Performance presentation Standard: 1. Members shall not make any statements, orally or in writing, that misrepresent the investment performance that they or their firms have accomplished or can reasonably be expected to achieve. 2. If members communicate individual or firm performance information directly or indirectly to clients or prospective clients, or in a manner intended to be received by clients or prospective clients, members shall make every reasonable effort to assure that such performance information is a fair, accurate, and complete presentation of such performance. Compliance: Misrepresentation about the investment performance of the firm can be avoided if the member maintains data about the firm’s investment performance in written form. Investment accounts should be combined into composites by investment class and risk groups. : Standards of Practice Handbook a: Demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the Standards of Professional Conduct by recognizing and applying the Standards to specific situations. This is an application of many different ethics concepts to different scenarios. After having learned the ethics material in earlier learning outcomes you will be able to apply these concepts to various scenarios as you take the quizzes. b: Distinguish between conduct that conforms to the Code and the Standards and conduct that violates the Code and the Standards. This requires looking at different scenarios and possibly applying several ethics concepts to each scenario. After you learn and understand the ethics concepts you will be able to apply them to specific situations through the quizzes. 4: AIMR Performance Presentation Standards Handbook a: Explain the goals of the AIMR-PPS Standards. The Standards have been designed to meet the following goals: †¢ To achieve greater uniformity and comparability among performance presentations. †¢ To improve the service offered to investment management clients. †¢ To enhance the professionalism of the industry. To bolster the notion of self-regulation. Note: The Presentation Standards are intended primarily to be performance presentation standards, not performance measurement standards. Portions of the AIMR-PPS are required while some are recommended. AIMR strongly encourages the adoption of both required and recommended components of the Standards. Also, performance presentations may ha ve to provide more than the minimum requirements of the AIMR-PPS to meet the full intent of the Standards. b: Identify the parties affected by the AIMR-PPS standards. Firms. The PPS Standards are voluntary. The PPS are widely recognized as fair and accurate reporting guidelines for investment performance. †¢ AIMR Members, CFA Charterholders, and CFA Candidates. The PPS are not explicitly incorporated into the AIMR Code and Standards of Professional Conduct. The PPS does, however, help insure that members, charterholders and candidates are in compliance with Standard V(B), Performance Presentation, so that they will make no material misrepresentation of their performance results. †¢ Prospective and Current Clients. The PPS helps clients compare investment performance across firms. The PPS helps clients evaluate their investment manager’s performance. c: Identify the four main topics of the AIMR-PPS standards (i. e. , creation and maintenance of composites, calculation of returns, presentation of results, and disclosures). †¢ Creation and maintenance of composites. A composite is a set of portfolios that follow the same investment style. †¢ Calculation of returns. †¢ Presentation of results. †¢ Disclosures. d: Identify what constitutes a valid claim of compliance with the AIMR-PPS standards. To claim compliance, firms must meet all composite, calculation, presentation, and disclosure requirements. Adherence to the basic requirements, however, does not guarantee fair and adequate performance reporting. Compliance with the standards also requires adherence to all applicable laws and regulations. If the firm has made every reasonable effort to ensure that their performance presentation is in compliance with the PPS, the firm can use the following legend:? XYZ Firm has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the Performance Presentation Standards of the Association for Investment Management and Research. AIMR has not been involved with the preparation or review of this report. †¢ Any use of the mark â€Å"AIMR† except as shown above is prohibited. †¢ If results are not in full compliance, performance cannot be presented as: Being in compliance with the AIMR-PPS except for †¦ †¢ Statements referring to the calculation methodology used in a presentation as being in accordance or compliance with AIMR-PPS standards are prohibited. †¢ AIMR members who misuse the term AIMR, AIMR-PPS standards, or the Compliance Statement are subject to disciplinary sanctions under Standard V(B). How to cite Cfa Level1 Note – Ethics and Professional Standards, Papers

Case Study about Project Management

Question: Discuss about the effectiveness of project management. Different tools of project management are evaluated and challenges in implementation of the project have been analyzed as per the requirements of the project Palm Trees Spa? Answer: Introduction Project management is of the great essence of the success of business firms. The given business report will highlight about the project of Palm Trees Spa, which is a resort. The primary function of the given project is to fulfill the desired level of customer satisfaction with the help of online reservation system. The effectiveness of the tools of project management will determine the success of the given project (Young, 2013). Background and principles of project management There is a long history of the evaluation of project management. The concept of project management has evolved in the late 19th century due to the complexities of manufacturing and transportation process. One of the biggest examples of project management was the transcontinental road back in 1862. However, the modern tools and techniques of project management evolved after 1900. Gantt chart considered be to a modern tool of project management is named after Henry Gantt. On the other hand, the critical path method was designed by two organizations namely, Remington and DuPont. United States Navy developed the concept of the pert chart. All the mentioned organizations and people have a great contribution to the aspect of project management. Therefore, this reflects that different organizational bodies had developed different modern principles and approaches of project management (Maller and Saderland, 2015). Different types of principles of management are present that the project of Palm Trees Spa can implement. The success criteria of the project of Palm Trees Spa will depend upon the application and implementation of the project management principles. Proper and effective business justification- The success criteria of the project will depend upon the overall justification of the project. The given justification of the project will vary upon the financial justification and outcomes of the project management. In addition to this, it is of a great essence for the firm to make the project validated on the eyes of the stakeholders. If the project is not financially viable and stable, then, it is not possible for the project manager to guide the project to its desired success (Morris, 2013). Effectively designed roles of the project manager- The role and function of project manager determines whether the project will succeed or not. It is of a great essence for the project manager to communicate with all its team members effectively. In addition to this, the respective manager needs to have all the desired leadership skills to motivate his fellow team members. There must be a proper clarity in his role so that the flow of work takes place effectively. In addition to this, the project manager must have a problem solving skill to solve all the issues around the project. Several stages of project management- It is great essence for a project manager to follow several stages to carry out the activities of the project. These stages can be in the form of the planning stage, implementation stage, coordinating stage and controlling stage. The project manager needs to divide all the activities of the project through proper monitoring tools of project management. The completion of each stage will determine the success criteria of the next stage (Serpella et al. 2014) Clear aims and objectives- It is of a great essence for a project manager to have a clear set of aims and objectives of the project. The critical path activities and network model of the project will depend upon the aims and objectives of the given project. For example, in case of the given project of Palm Trees Spa, the main objective is to create an online platform for customer booking to meet the needs and requirements of all the customers Analysis of external and internal environment of the project- It is important for the project manager to analyze the internal and external factors associated with the project before allocating all the respective activities to the project. The internal environment includes SWOT analysis of the project, and external analysis reflects the Pestle analysis of the project. If the project fails in terms of analyzing the desired tools of internal and external analysis, then, the project will not attain its success. Learning from experience- The manager needs to learn from his experience to integrate all the activities of the project effectively. These are the required principles of project management that is also applicable in the given case of Palm Trees Spa project. B) Success and failure criteria of the project Palm Trees Spa The success and failure criteria of the project can be evaluated with the assist of several elements. These are in the form of economic, financial, technical, environmental and socio-political viability. It is further evaluated with the assist of the following table:- Success/ failure criteria of the project Palm Trees Spa Economic viability The given resources meets the needs of the customers in a timely manner Financial viability The given project is at par with the desired budget of the project manager Technical viability Interactive website and online reservation system is running efficiently Environmental viability The given system do not have any environmental aspect of the society Socio-political viability The project is at par with the social and political aspects of the society. Table 1: Success/ failure criteria of the project Palm Trees Spa The above table reflects the success and failure criteria of the given project of Palm Trees Spa. If the concerned project meets the required guidelines, then the project will be considered as successful and vice versa. In addition to this, the viability of the project can be easily appraised with implementation of the tools required for success criteria and meeting the needs and objectives of the project (Zavadskas et al. 2012) Principles behind the setting of systems and projects to implement the given resources of the project There are several principles that are present behind implementation of systems and procedures of the project in case of every project management. Meredith and Mantel (2011) opine that the methodology used to carry out the project in an effective manner is systems in project management. In case of the given project, there is a possible requirement of different types of systems and procedures. In project management, systems and procedure are those that form the core of any project management. In the given case, the project of Palm Trees Spa has more than a few systems and procedures. These are online platform to design the website, effective software, different project management software and other technological systems. There are some key principles which help to utilize systems in the entire given project management. One of the principles is time management and cost management. The systems and procedure are required to be implemented within the desired cost and time scheduled by the respective project manager. The procedures of critical path analysis, Gantt chart and Pert Chart can be managed through utilization of cost and time management. In addition to this, systems and procedures have a direct and positive correlation between resource management in case of every project like Palm Trees Spa. Several resources are involved within the respective project management. With the help of planning and schedule management, the project can effectively manage its resource manage ment that can be success criteria for the given project (Teller et al. 2012) Key elements involved in the process of terminating the project and conducting of appraisal of the project Several key elements can lead the project manager to terminate the project. The first and foremost step of any project is a process of planning and scheduling of all activities and cost management. However, after allocation and implementation of all the given resources of the project, if they are several variances, then, the project manager can terminate the project. The variances of the project can be due to several systematic and unsystematic risks. If scheduling of any activity goes wrong, then, the possible variances can hamper the project greatly. It can lead the project towards its termination. In addition to this, if the project fails to attain its desired milestones, then, it can also fail to sustain. Project aims and objectives are also part of project milestones. Financial and non-financial analysis also plays a key role in appraisal or termination of any particular project. Therefore, if these factors go wrong, then, the project may easily be terminated. Risk assessment to ols also form the core of any given project like online web site development of Palm Trees Spa. If the project manager fails to ascertain and prioritize all the existing risks of a given project, then, the project will fail. The most important part of post project appraisal can be in the form of identification of activities that did not work out properly. It is of the great essence for the manager to slack out these activities from its respective critical path analysis. Every project manager wants his/her project to be successful. Therefore, it is important to conduct a critical analysis for post project appraisal that will lead the project to success or failure (Zavadskas et al. 2012) Human Resources required for the project of Palm Trees Spa Several human resources are required for successful implementation of the project of interactive internet system of the resort Palm Trees Spa. These can be further explained with the assist of the following table:- Human resources Roles Project manager (1) To monitor and measure all the activities and operations of the overall project from start to end. Operations manager-5 To carry out the operational activities concerning about MIS of the online interactive system System engineer-4 To develop the platform of the interactive and attractive website for online customer booking of the resort Palm Trees Spa Financial manager- 2 To manage the budget and required costs attached to the project Network engineer-3 To develop the network plan and network model of the project of online reservation system. Table 2: Human resources required for the project and their respective roles All the given resources are required until the end of the project that is implementation of effective online system. The project manager has delegated their respective duties in accordance to their individual areas of specialization. There is no retirement or redundancy planning of the selected human resources of the project. The total number of upper and middle level human resources that are required is 15. The working pattern of them is in accordance to their functions and sequence of activities as designed in the networking model of the project. The given human resources will be recruited for long-term purpose of the resort (Schwalbe, 2014). Identification of appropriate organizational structure of the given project The size of the project is huge, as it requires an effective online reservation system all across the resort of Palm Trees Spa. Therefore, the organizational structure can be in the form of functional organizational structure. All the given resources have been given their desired roles and all the activities will be performed sequentially. Since the project is all about implementation of effective online reservation system, therefore, sequential planning of activities is the critical determinant factor for its success. Due to this reason, functional organizational structure will suit the activities of the project. Other organizational structures like dedicated project team and matrix structure will not be suitable in the given case. This is mainly because; dedicated project team structure cannot be flexible to perform all the given activities of the project. The organizational structure of the project can be evaluated with the help of the following diagram:- Figure 1: Organizational Structure of the project Palm Trees Spa (Source: Pryke and Smyth, 2012) The above organizational structure will help the project to attain its respective vision and mission statement. The other two given organizational structure is not at all suitable for the required project. The main functions and responsibilities of the human resource manager are to coordinate all the functions and responsibilities in accordance to the given organizational structure of the firm. In addition to this, the role of human resource manager is to communicate all the ideas among the team members of the project. This will also further increase the efficiency of the given project. Role and structure in controlling and coordinate the project The above discussed role and structure of the project helps the project manager to control and coordinate about all the activities of the project effectively. It is of great essence for the project manager of the given manager of the project Palm Trees Spa to coordinate about all the respective resources of the project effectively. Project scheduling and project planning play an effective part based on the role and structure of the project. There are different phases and activities of the given project. These phases depend upon the role and structure evaluated by the respective project manager. The organization follows a functional organizational structure that will make the manager easier to control the project efficiently. Control of the project is to ensure that there are no possible variances of this project. If there were variances in this online development project, then, it would surely fail. Coordination of the project is also important to carry out all the possible activitie s sequentially. Therefore, the process of controlling and coordination of the project depends upon the role and structure (Leach, 2014). There are different types of control that can be implemented in every project management. These types are active control, post project control and cybernetic control. In the given case, the project manager has evaluated the tool of active control to control all the activities of the required project. The given project is about implementation of online tools and techniques of Palm Trees Spa project. Therefore, it requires an active project manager to control all the steps and activities actively (Usman et al. 2014) Different types of resources are given different roles and responsibilities to complete the project in time. The role of network and system engineer is to implement and monitor about the technical requires of the project. The financial manager will monitor the project budget and operational manager will monitor all the operations as per the requirements. The project can also implement several modern control and monitoring tools like Pert Chart, Gantt chart, Network model, etc. Leadership styles required for the particular project Different types of leadership and management styles are present that a manager of a project can implement. These types of leadership and management styles are autocratic leadership, participative leadership, transformational leadership and laissez-fare leadership. Leadership and management styles In the present project, the best type of leadership that would be suitable is the transformational leadership. In such case, it is the responsibility of the leaders to transform with the identification of the right needs and the requirements of the organization. They have the vision and help in creating the inspiration for the employees to enhance the service. The identification of the collective work is the key in the present case. The leaders identify the issue and accordingly tailor the resources and motivate to give the best to the organization. Performance of the employees is the most important aspect as the customers are satisfied based on the service. Belbins team roles This is the aspect, which entails the use of the allowable weakness. This is the priority in the team role of Belbin. The strength of the role includes factor like plant where the role-played is that of creativity and the imagination. The weakness of the person is ignoring the incidentals. The next is the resource investigator who is enthusiastic, communication and the weakness includes over optimism in all the aspects. The next strength is that of a coordinator who is matured and confident and the weakness includes being manipulative. The next is the shaper who is, dynamic and the weakness includes prone to provocation. The next in line is the monitor evaluator who is sober and strategic. The weakness is inability to inspire others. Team worker is cooperative and the weakness includes indecisive. The next is the implementor who is not so flexible. The next in line is the complete finisher who is not ready to delegate. Finally, specialist is the person who is part of the single-minde d idea. They are dedicated but the weakness includes contributing to a narrow front. Leadership of the project manager The project manager for this particular project has to be inspiring which in other words mean to be transformational. This would help and enhance the prospect of the organization effectively. This helps in motivating the employees to work collaboratively. The project manager has the capacity of dealing with the team and enhancing their performance perfectly (Larson and Gray, 2011). Motivational theory and the leadership style The motivation theory, which is best applicable, is Herzbergs hygiene models where part from the hygiene factors the motivational factors are important. This includes the promotion of the right opportunities. Opportunities are also included in the improvement of the personal growth along with the recognition of the power and the resources in the organization. The achievement is all the above-mentioned aspect is the most important aspect. In case of the transformational leader all, these aspects are important to deal with the opportunity and the enhancement of the personal and the aspects of the organization. This type of leaders has the drive of helping the employees is forming the collectivity and work in case of the achievement of the organization. This type of leader has the vision of the best elements, which would help in generating the best for the future aspects of the organization. Detailed plan of the project of Palm Trees Spa There are several key components in case of any project management. These components are time management, cost management, project schedule, project control and project risk management. Another key component of project planning is project budgeting and effective strategic planning. All the key components are included in this project of building up of interactive website and design of resort Palm Trees Spa. WBS (Work breakdown structure) is of crucial importance for the success of the given project. It helps to ascertain total amount of budget, scheduling of activities and period of any particular project. The success criteria of the project depend upon the efficiency of WBS of the given project. In addition to this, the given tool of WBS also helps the project manager to gain a certain level of commitment from all its team members and improve their performance level by setting up targets and solutions. Based on the given targets, the success criteria and milestones of the project can be measured (Prieto, 2015). Several steps can also be taken based on the variances of the project. Level A Level B Level C Palm Trees Spa 1.1Planning of the project 1.1 Meeting with the project manager 1.2 Written specification 1.3Meeting with agreed specification 1.2 Framing 1.2.1 Framing of roof and walls. 1.2.1 Installation of shingles and brick should be cleaned 1.2.2 Installation of stairs and bricks 1.2.3 Framing of windows and doors 1.3 Foundation and design of the website 1.3.1 Design of the website 1.4Allocation of resources 1.5 Install software 1.5.1 install electrics 1.5.2 install network 1.5.3 Clean up 1.6 Framing 1.7 Implementation of integrated tools of MIS 1.8 Budgetary analysis 1.9 Risk management Table 1: WBS of the project Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors Resource Names Task 45 days Mon 8/24/15 Fri 10/23/15 Planning of the website 10 days Mon 8/24/15 Fri 9/4/15 meet with project Manager 5 days Mon 8/24/15 Fri 8/28/15 Project Manager ,Project Technician ,Finance manager write specification 3 days Mon 8/31/15 Wed 9/2/15 3 Project Manager ,Finance manager meeting to agree specification 2 days Thu 9/3/15 Fri 9/4/15 4 Project Manager ,Project Technician ,SC Manager Foundation and design of the website 15 days Mon 9/7/15 Fri 9/25/15 5 Allocation of resources 20 days Mon 9/28/15 Fri 10/23/15 6 Implementation of attractive tools 20 days Mon 8/24/15 Fri 9/18/15 7 install electrics 3 days Mon 8/24/15 Wed 8/26/15 Electricians[2%] install network 2 days Thu 8/27/15 Fri 8/28/15 9 Trainers install software 2 days Mon 8/31/15 Tue 9/1/15 10 IT Technicians[2%] Installation of online systems 20 days Wed 9/2/15 Tue 9/29/15 11 Framing 10 days Wed 9/30/15 Tue 10/13/15 12 IT Technicians[4%],Finance manager,Project Manager Implementation of integrated tools of MIS 10 days Wed 10/14/15 Tue 10/27/15 13 IT Technicians Budgetary analysis 5 days Wed 10/28/15 Tue 11/3/15 14 Finance manager Risk assessment plan 6 days Wed 11/4/15 Wed 11/11/15 15 Controlling and monitoring of all the activities 4 days Thu 11/12/15 Tue 11/17/15 16 Table: Scheduling of activities of the project based on the WBS of the project S.no Tasks Resources Quantity Duration Cost 1 Planning Project manager 1000 10 10000 2 Website design Project manager, network engineer and systems engineer $1,200 5 6000 3 Foundation of the website 2500 15 37500 4 Allocation of resources Design engineer, Project manager $1,000 20 20000 5 Implementation of attractive tools Project manager $500 20 10000 6 Installation of online systems Project manager $2,000 20 40000 7 Framing 100 10 1000 8 Implementation of integrated tools of MIS Network and system engineer $500 10 5000 9 Budgetary analysis Financial manager 200 5 1000 10 Risk assessment plan Project manager $500 6 3000 11 Controlling and monitoring of all the activities Project manager $500 4 2000 Table: Budgetary analysis of the project Techniques to schedule project activities There are several techniques to schedule project activities. These are Gantt chart, Pert Chart, critical path analysis, etc. The below two figure reflects the scheduling of the given two projects. Figure 1: Gantt chart Figure 2: Pert Chart The total duration of the project is 45 days and the critical path of the project is 1-2-4-5-6-8-10-11-12-13-15-16. Therefore, the project manager of the project needs to minimize the total duration of the project by cutting of the slack activities. The project cost can be controlled by effective utilization of budgetary analysis and analyzing the variances of the required project. Costs can be managed by minimizing the total amount of variances effectively. It can also be done through analysis of earned value management. Methods of measuring performance Performance of the overall project of Palm Trees Spa can be evaluated with the tool of key performance indicators. It can be done through cost performance, satisfaction level of the customers, satisfaction level of employees, milestones of the project, variances in scheduling and cost management. In the given project, cost management, schedule management and feedback of the stakeholders about the online system can be considered as its important key performance indicators. This project has been kept within the required targeted costs, and targeted scheduling It is evaluated in WBS and Gantt chart of the project. All the respective key performance indicators or KPI are of great essence for this project (Snedaker and Hoenig, 2005). Change control procedure of the project There are different types of changes that can take place in case of every project management. These changes can be in the form of change of demands of the stakeholders, economic slowdown, change of schedule, addition of new activities, increased of variances of cost budgeting, natural disaster, etc. These changes can also be in the form of different systematic and unsystematic risks. Changes can take place in the form of management and leadership style of a given project like Palm Trees Spa. Different forms of structural and reengineering changes can also take place in the internal management of the organization. There are several benefits in the process of managing changes in the project of Palm Trees Spa. Firstly, the project can be completed in due course of time as per the needs of stakeholders. The project can easily attain its aims and objectives through the given analysis. The given project may also face several changes. These changes may be in the form of technical changes, changes in management, changes in design of website, etc (Leach, 2014). All the given changes can be managed as well as monitored. The project manager may prioritize the given changes or risks by preparing a contingency plan at the initial stages. This is the same for internal and external changes in management. Changes in the given project may be also monitored through effective feedback of stakeholders. Conclusion The above report concludes about the effectiveness of project management. Different tools of project management are evaluated and challenges in implementation of the project have been analyzed as per the requirements of the project Palm Trees Spa. References Morris, P. (2013).Reconstructing project management. Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. Young, T. (2013).Successful project management. Philadelphia, Pa.: Kogan Page Ltd. Hyvari, I. (2006). Project management effectiveness in project-oriented business organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 24(3), pp.216-225. Klein, L., Biesenthal, C. and Dehlin, E. (2015). Improvisation in project management: A praxeology. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.267-277. Morris, P. (2013). Reconstructing project management. Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. Maller, R. and Sderlund, J. (2015). Innovative approaches in project management research. International Journal of Project Management, 33(2), pp.251-253. Randolph, S. (2014). Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Rodney Turner, J. (2004). Viennese Project Management-Days Project and Emotions. International Journal of Project Management, 22(4), pp.271-272. Wright, J. (2002). Effective Project Management. International Journal of Project Management, 20(8), p.633. Lock, D. (2007).Project management. 1st ed. Aldershot, England: Gower. Snedaker, S. and Hoenig, N. (2005).How to cheat at IT project management. 1st ed. Rockland, Mass.: Syngress. Wysocki, R. (2004).Project management process improvement. 1st ed. Boston: Artech House. Davidson Frame, J. (2014). Reconstructing Project Management. Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e2-e2. Del Cano, A., and de la Cruz, M. P. (2002). Integrated methodology for project risk management.Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,128(6), 473-485. Eric Kirkland, C. (2014). Project Management: A Problem-Based Approach. Project Management Journal, 45(1), pp.e3-e3. Hill, G. M. (2013).The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley and Sons Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons Langley, A. N. N., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H., and Van de Ven, A. H. (2013). Process studies of change in organization and management: unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), 1-13. Larson, E. W., and Gray, C. F. (2011). Project management: The managerial process. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Meredith, J. R., and Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley and Sons Meredith, J. R., and Mantel Jr, S. J. (2011).Project management: a managerial approach. John Wiley and Sons Pich, M. T., Loch, C. H., and Meyer, A. D. (2002). On uncertainty, ambiguity, and complexity in project management.Management science,48(8), 1008-1023 Pinto, A., Nunes, I. L., and Ribeiro, R. A. (2011). Occupational risk assessment in construction industryOverview and reflection.Safety Science,49(5), 616-624. Prieto, B. (2015). Project Management Theory and the Management of Large Complex Projects. Pryke, S., and Smyth, H. (2012).The management of complex projects: a relationship approach. John Wiley and Sons. Randolph, S. (2014). Maximizing Project Value: A Project Manager's Guide. Project Management Journal, 45(2), pp.e2-e2. Schwalbe, K. (2014). Information technology project management. Boston, MA: Course Technology. Serpella, A. F., Ferrada, X., Howard, R., and Rubio, L. (2014). Risk management in construction projects: a knowledge-based approach.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, 653-662. Teller, J., Unger, B. N., Kock, A., and Gemnden, H. G. (2012). Formalization of project portfolio management: the moderating role of project portfolio complexity.International Journal of Project Management,30(5), 596-607. Usman, N. D., Inuwa, I. I., and Iro, A. I. (2012). The influence of unethical professional practices on the management of construction projects in North-Eastern States of Nigeria.International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment,3(2), 124-129. Young, T. L. (2013).Successful project management(Vol. 52). Kogan Page Publishers. Zavadskas, E. K., Vaininas, P., Turskis, Z., and Tamoaitien, J. (2012). Multiple criteria decision support system for assessment of projects managers in construction.International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making,11(02), 501-520.

Practice Of Literary Dramatization Springer -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Practice Of Literary Dramatization Springer? Answer: Introduction A novel when taken into consideration for filming has huge responsibility resting on the shoulders of the filmmaker to execute it to perfection so that people can connect the both (1). The chosen novel for the project is Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, which has been made into a film by Joe Wright in the year 2005. The report will have a set of 30 study questions based on the Blooms taxonomy and then there will be section that will compare the novel and film and discuss the differences that are found in both the genres and their execution. What happened after Darcy refused to dance with Elizabeth? Answer- Elizabeth developed a disliking for Darcy. What differences exist between Darcy and Mr.Bingley? Answer- Darcy was a man who had different taste and could not be persuaded by the environment unlike Mr. Bingley. What factors would you change if Elizabeth liked Darcy at first sight? Answers- Darcys character would have been toned down so that their first interaction would be pleasant. What were some of the motives behind sending Elizabeth on a horse rather than a carriage to Bingleys house? Answer- The motive was to make Elizabeth fall sick so that she would spent the night at the Bingleys. Can you develop a possible solution to the loquaciousness of Elizabeths mother? Answer- Elizabeths father if took the charge of talking with visitors, the embarrassing conversations could have been avoided. How was this section similar to the previous? Answer- In both the sections, Elizabeths mother intended to get her daughters married off to rich men. Can you see a possible solution to her mothers worries? Answer- Her worry was about the property that would belong to Mr. Collins after the of Elizabeths father and the solution was to get a new heir in the family. Do you think Elizabeth marrying Mr. Collins would be a good thing? What is Elizabeths mothers motive? Answer- Her prime motive was to get her daughters married to wealthy men. Can you distinguish between the character of Elizabeths mother and father? Answer- Her father was a sane person and believed that his daughters would take their own decisions. Could this have happened if Elizabeths mother was not the way she was? None of the episodes would have ensued if her mother was not the way she actually was. Who was the girl for whom Wickham fell? Answer- Miss King. Create an outline of Wickhams character. Answer- Wickham followed wealth and wished to earn fortune by marrying a rich girl. Why Wickhams interest for Elizabeth vanished? Answer- Because Elizabeth did not have huge fortune to back her up. What would be the consequences if Elizabeth had a fortune? Answer- Wickham would have married her. Devise a solution to Elizabeth and Darcys cold relationship? Answer- They should talk to each other and clarify issues. What do you think about Darcy? Darcy is a man who has pride but also has a different kind of choice and unpredictability about his character. What happened after Elizabeth visited Pemberley? Answer- She came across Darcy unplanned. What were the differences between the previous encounter and the one mentioned in this section between Elizabeth and Darcy? Answer- Darcy was utmost polite and sported a very humble attitude. Could this meeting have such results if held at a different location? Answer- No, because people here knew Darcy and hence said facts about him that were unknown. Why the changes in Darcy evident? Answer- Darcys real humble attitude has not been written about in the previous parts of the book hence it is evident. Is paying Wickham money for marrying Lydia a good thing? No, because he is greedy and his love is not for Lydia but for the wealth. What happened after Lydia and Wickham visited Netherfield? Answer- Lydia spoke about her wedding and Wickham behaved as if he did no wrong in eloping with her and taking money to marry her. Mention a difference between Darcy and Bingley? Answer- Bingley was expressive while Darcy was much reserved in character. What would change if Wickham was a good man? Answer- The eloping embarrassment for the Bennet family could be avoided and Darcy acting as a savior would not have been possible. What were the turning points? Answer- Darcys help in getting Lydia married to Wickham and preserving the family respect of the Bennets. Solution to Elizabeths wedding? Answer- Darcy proposed and all other rumors were hence put to rest. What is your take on the Darcy and Elizabeth love story? Answer- Not a love at first sight but surely it was a story in which opposites at the beginning had attractions towards each other. The Comparison Essay There have been many adaptations of the novel but the most recent of one of them is the 2005 film by Joe Wright that is referred to in this essay. Jane Austen wrote the novel and the publishing year was in 1813 (2). The film that was released in 2005 had Keira Knightley casted as Elizabeth Bennet and alongside Matthew Macfadyen. Initially it was decided that the film would be based closely on the lines of the novel and the dialogues would be unchanged from the original text. However, that was not practiced and the dialogues and scenes were altered in the movie. The change was done so that the film could connect with the modern audience and so that the younger generations can connect with the characters (3). The narrative in the book was completely on the perspective of Elizabeth but in the movie, few scenes were added to display the perspective of Mr. Darcy as well. This approach to show the perspective of Darcy was added in order to give the character a better arch and to show the f riendship of his character with Mr. Bingley. The movie was critically acclaimed and Keira Knightley received a nomination for the Oscars for the role of Elizabeth. However, it was seen that Austen fans and viewers from UK had a mixed bag of response for the film. In the film, Elizabeth is found keeping secrets from her family and distances increase between her and Jane. This was in complete contrast to the book where Elizabeth never kept any secrets from the entire family. The character of Mr. Bennet is shown as a warm and affectionate father, which is in contrast to the book, as Austen never downplayed the fact that the family misfortunes and his wring financial decisions were reasons the family was suffering for so long. The relationship of Mr. Bennet and his wife has also been shown as a warm and loving relationship, which is in absolute contrast of the book. While watching the film closely it is found that the character of Elizabeth is far more impatient in the movie than in the book, she seen yelling at her parents in the film but the book never showed Elizabeth in such light. Wight made a drastic change in the mood of the film as he completely shifted the time-period of the plot from 19th Century to late 18th century, this decision was taken because the clothing pattern is lot impressive in the 18th century (4) and it amounted to beautiful visual frames on screen. It is often seen that whenever a classic novel like this is presented in the big screen, makers somewhat circumvent the material and that leads to mixed response from the audience and critics alike (5). The reason behind such motive primarily is the urge of the filmmakers to create visuals that are more appealing to the modern audience because making profits is equally important in todays world than that of Austens period (6). This version of the novel on screen was regarded as the most abridged version of the novel until date. Reference Selby K, Giddings R, Wensley C. Screening the novel: The theory and practice of literary dramatization. Springer; 2016 Jul 27. Fullerton S. Celebrating Pride and Prejudice: 200 Years of Jane Austen's Masterpiece. Voyageur Press (MN); 2013. Saboo AR, Chakravarty A, Grewal R. Organizational debut on the public stage: Marketing myopia and initial public offerings. Marketing Science. 2016 Mar 25;35(4):656-75. Bermingham A, Brewer J, editors. Consumption Of Culture. Routledge; 2013 Sep 13. Selby K, Giddings R, Wensley C. Screening the novel: The theory and practice of literary dramatization. Springer; 2016 Jul 27. Levison L. Filmmakers and financing: business plans for independents. Taylor Francis; 2013 Apr 26.

Symbolism in Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown Essays

Symbolism in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown Essays Symbolism in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown Paper Symbolism in Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown Paper Symbolism plays a major role in the message that Nathaniel Hawthorne aims to convey in his story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Hawthorne made use of symbolic situations which represents a corrupt and masked society that is still applicable in the present time. In this story, Hawthorne narrates a seemingly dreamlike experience of Goodman Brown in the midst of an evil ritual in the woods where he and his wife attempted to participate in. Brief Summary of Young Goodman Brown Young Goodman Brown is a recently married man who goes out for the night after bidding goodbye to his dear wife, Faith. He tries hard to push away his guilt of pursuing an evil plan while he leaves her that evening by promising to make it up to her someday. As he goes through the dark forest wondering if the devil is just around, he becomes hesitant in furthering his plan on joining some mysterious people in an evil ritual somewhere deep in the forest. Upon explaining why he was late to a decently dressed man because his wife kept him back, they are accompanied by another traveler whose age he reckon to be about fifty. He notices the remarkable serpent-like staff of the first man who addressed him. Upon meeting the other people who would join them, he is surprised to find out that most of the upright and holy people in his neighborhood are present; the woman who taught him catechism, the minister, Deacon Gookin, and the most surprising of all- his wife! He finds out that Faith is the reason why the ritual is initiated. He realizes that he had lost his Faith so he resolves in pursuing his original plan and be converted to evil like the rest of them. However, as Goodman Brown and Faith approach the altar to be anointed by the evil blood, Goodman Brown orders Faith to look up to heaven and resist the evil. As soon as the words leaves his mouth, he finds himself alone in the woods wondering if he had just dreamt the ritual. He comes back to his neighborhood a changed man. He becomes distrustful and doubtful of his wife and neighbors even to the day he died. Symbolisms The story itself is the entire representation of a hypocritical society. It is already a symbolism that further emphasizes the hypocrisy of Puritanism. It is clear that Hawthorne aims to criticize puritan society most especially the time of the Salem Witch Trials where almost twenty alleged witches were hanged with spectral evidence as the only proof. Like Goodman Brown, Hawthorne is believed to have also doubted the nature of sin in the society. Most probably, it is his way to push away the guilt when he found out that he is a descendant of one of the major persecutors in the witch trials. The story also contains some biographical elements where the devil reminds him, â€Å"I helped your grandfather, the constable, when he lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem† (Hawthorne 113). The story seems to be a full representation of the author’s view about a strict puritan society. Moreover, the setting of the story is also quite symbolic as the initial part of the story describes Goodman Brown entering a dark forest where the witches gather at Sabbath. Hawthorne’s description of the dark and gloomy forest indicates that a dark critical turning point in his life is about to happen. â€Å"The darkness is not only physical, it is satanic† (Crowley 68). The story also symbolizes man’s struggle to avoid temptation by the devil. By the use of spectral evidence, Hawthorne is able to covey the idea that the devil could be lurking in the shadows even of the finest men (Reis 200). When Goodman Brown finds out that the most religious people in his neighborhood are actually members of the ritual in the forest, he realizes how evil can come in many deceptive forms. This realization leads him to his misery because of his inability to identify if his experience is merely a dream or a frightful reality. Goodman Brown can be considered a real good man before the encounter in the woods. He is considered to be good to his wife and he loves her dearly. He even refers to her as, â€Å"My love and my Faith† (Hawthorne 111) and hesitates to go on further with the meeting, â€Å"What a wretch am I to leave her on such an errand! She talks of dreams, too. Methought as she spoke there was trouble in her face, as if a dream had warned her what work is to be done tonight. . . † (Hawthorne 111). However, the goodness and naivete within him is altered when he discovers respectable and supposedly holy people are part of the evil ritual. This shows Hawthorne’s attitude towards highly religious people such as the early Puritans. It means that not all religious people are holy, and sometimes, they are just posing hypocrisy to redeem themselves. Even the name of his wife, Faith, symbolizes the things that he had lost upon full realization of evil in his neighborhood. He loses his wife, Faith, when he sees her in the woods and he also loses his spiritual faith towards goodness. â€Å"The story is not about the evil of other people but about Browns doubt, his recovery of the possibility of universal evil† (Levin 121). Conclusion Young Goodman Brown might probably just pass as a short ordinary story that involves supernatural encounters. While it is true that is merely fictional and not to be taken seriously in reality, it consists of symbolisms which are important to take into account. It consists of political and religious symbolisms which are indirectly told by the author to allow the readers to shape their own interpretation by themselves. Obviously, the story include more significant and in-depth matters in life than what is initially conveyed to be unrealistic and superficial. Crowley, Joseph Donald. Nathaniel Hawthorne. London: Taylor Francis, 1971. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown. † Young Goodman Brown and Other Tales. Ed. Brian Harding. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 111–123. Levin, David. â€Å"Shadows of Doubt: Specter Evidence in Hawthornes ‘Young Goodman Brown’. † On Hawthorne: The Best from American Literature. Eds. Edwin Harrison Cady and Louis J. Budd. United States of America: Duke University Press, 1990. 114-122. Reis, Elizabeth. Damned Women: Sinners and Witches in Puritan New England. New York: Cornell University Press, 1997.

A Knight Errant and an Arrant Knave

A Knight Errant and an Arrant Knave A Knight Errant and an Arrant Knave A Knight Errant and an Arrant Knave By Maeve Maddox The adjectives errant and arrant have been mixed up for centuries, but modern usage prefers to keep them apart. errant: itinerant, traveling This is the sense present in the term knight errant. The knight roams around looking for maidens to rescue, dragons to slay. Errant is often used to refer to something that has gone astray. Woman struck by errant fire hose dies The Cheonan sinking: The errant mine theory South Berwick Rod Gun Club closed after errant bullet found The word errant can denote error in opinion or conduct. Phuket Police Chief: I Will Pursue Errant Officers (i.e., officers suspected of misconduct) Errant gene may make some people age faster [taking scripture out of context] will inevitably lead to errant teachings and inaccurate assumptions about God’s word. It is only the errant translations and errant teachings of the church that cloud this fact. arrant: notorious, manifest, downright, thoroughgoing, unmitigated One speaks of an arrant fool, an arrant liar, an arrant hypocrite, etc. The word arrant occurs 16 times in the plays of Shakespeare, most frequently in the speech of the low characters. Falstaff: An the Prince and Poins be not two arrant cowards, theres no equity stirring Henry IV, Part One, II, ii Dame Quickly:Yonder he comes; and that arrant malmsey-nose knave, with him. Henry IV, Part Two II,i Robert Shallow: Use his men well, Davy; for [they]are arrant knaves and will backbite. Henry IV Part Two, V,i Dame Quickly: No, thou arrant knave; I would to God that I might die, that I might have thee hangd. Henry IV, Part Two V,iv Gower: Why, this is an arrant counterfeit rascal; I remember him now; a bawd, a cutpurse. Henry V III,vi The blustering Welshman Fluellen in Henry V is especially fond of the word: Kill the poys and the luggage! tis expressly †¨against the law of arms: tis as arrant a piece of †¨knavery, mark you now, as can be offert; (IV,vii) his reputation is as arrant a villain and a Jacksauce, as ever his black shoe trod upon Gods ground (IV,vii) Sblood! an arrant traitor as any is in the universal world, or in France, or in England! Henry V (IV,viii) Your majesty hear now, saving your majestys manhood, what an arrant, rascally, beggarly, lousy knave it is: (IV,viii) The word arrant remains in use, as can be seen in these examples from the web: either [he] is a horrible person, a wretched ghoul†¦or he is an arrant liar under oath,†¦ The mans an arrant womanizer†¦ Their deaths are a tragic commentary on the arrant cowardice of freedom fighters and the inept leadership of those utterly undisciplined terrorists. The man opposite shook his head, catching sight of her at the exact same moment that he did so, arrant disbelief in his eyes. Bottom line: Use errant if you mean wandering, straying, or erroneous. Use arrant if you mean downright, complete, or notorious. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Hang, Hung, HangedEducational vs. Educative

Healthymagination at GE (General Electric ) Essay

Healthymagination at GE (General Electric ) - Essay Example Additionally, these quantitative measures and site certification is audited by GE’s audit staff and is obligatory for campuses with in excess of 100 employees. As the company grows, its goal is to reach every employee in spite of site size. The introduction of Electronic medical records came with the potential to revolutionize healthcare by calculating administrative costs through superior effectiveness, improved correctness and broader admission to the latest clinical data (Glader, 2009). With these features the workflow is streamlined, it allow doctors to share information steadily, GE’s Centricity EMR brings the newest technology to bear on the test of managing several patient records around the globe. What makes GE to act this way is its commitment to patient-centered innovation that focuses on safety, clinical solutions as well as a customized environment for even the youngest patients. 2 GE is more diversified compared to the past. The creation of the GE healthyma gination Fund shows GE’s commitment to improvement in healthcare as a means to promoting the objectives of visibly increasing access to healthcare at the same time improving the quality along with reducing the delivery cost (McGregor, 2009). The company also gives support to the development of companies with inventive technologies as well as business models that share in the broader healthymagination goals. A s a way to further diversify the company, it additionally on receiving growth capital in addition to expertise in investment, the fund’s investment partners have the opportunity to cooperatively work with a global leader in healthcare technology in areas with mutual interest, which includes technology development and global distribution What led the company to diversification was to combat the crisis of healthcare access. Healthymagination has a goal to offer Better Health for additional People around the world. While focusing on technologies that are simpler, eas ier-to-use and more portable devices, those who lack sufficient healthcare right now, may for the very first time get access to an adequate diagnosis, an opportunity at surgery, or the ways to save the child’s life (Glader, 2010). When we specifically focus on anesthesia equipment, GE committed a center team that focused on anesthesia products to work together with international hospitals Anesthesiologists for research along with development for use of GE ICU/anesthesia products geared to low-income countries. This has led the company to knowing its market and its business significantly better than any time in history. The company has put in place financial models and levers that it uses to drive our performance. It also has clear strategies with plans of action for all of it divisions. It also engages in investing in its people and has specific plans to increase accountable leaders that will drive change (Mark, 2008). 3 In 2009, General Electric publicized that in the next s ix years it would spend $3 billion in creating at least 100 health-care innovations that were intended to substantially lower costs, increase accessibility, and along with improve quality (Scott and Corporate Environmental Data Clearinghouse, 1992). The company highlighted two products at the time; a $1,000 electrocardiogram device and a PC-based ultrasound machine that

Confucian perspective and critique Qin rule Essay

Confucian perspective and critique Qin rule - Essay Example This paper seeks to adopt a Confucian perspective and criticize Qin rule. The paper will analyze the rapid decline of Qin’s rule, identify what Confucians objected about Qin’s rule, and explain why Confucianism was seemingly a better ruling ideology. According to legalism in the Qin Dynasty, the law was referenced and available to the public where all before the Emperor were equal under the law. Legalism sought to reward law-abiding citizens and punish lawbreakers severely. Actually, the Qin implemented corporal punishments and sentenced legal offenders to hard labor for the state. As such, legalism ran the state and not the emperor. Nevertheless, the Confucian scholars who were victims of legalism had detailed information on Chinese history including the Qin Dynasty and had great impact on other cultures like the Korean culture. Confucianism is an aspect of philosophy emanating from the teachings of Confucius (551 - 479 BC). As such, Confucianism was a formidable force in Chinese political and social history. Indeed, Confucianism main aim was to train its followers on traditional rituals, respect for authority, loyalty, flexibility of leaders, respect for the aged, and benevolence. Therefore, Confucianism promoted a tradition of â€Å"humane authority.† However, Confucianism faced support and equally opposition from various scholars. In fact, while some scholars like Lu Xun accused it of limiting modernization, others like Kang Yuwei used it to for Chinese nationalism. In the 19th century, the influence of Confucianism declined as Qing Dynasty ended in 1911. In the later dynasties, legalism fell and consistently merged with Confucianism to play central roles in the Chinese government. Most assuredly, Qin Shi Huang incurred opposition from Confucian historians and consequently becoming one of the shortest-lived dynasties in Chinese history.  According to Morton and Lewis, â€Å"Qin Shi Huang Di, the First Emperor, incurred the disapprova l of Confucian historians and in actuality was in many ways a ruthless tyrant† (Morton and Lewis 46). The Rapid Decline of Qin’s Rule The Qin Dynasty existed between 256-202 B.C.E. The Qin Dynasty settled in the North where it initiated reforms and created a powerful army using horse archers to form a powerful state. The first emperor of Qui Dynasty was Qin Shi Huang and ruled via legalism. Most assuredly is the fact that Shih Huang Ti was a very efficient and unifying leader in ancient China. Nevertheless, his rule lasted for the shortest time because of his harsh leadership style. Uniquely, Qin chose to break the China's old provinces and loyalties and created others under the leadership of non-hereditary governors. This was a blatant mistake, as the governors had no capacity to accumulate power in one place through different generations as sought in Chinese culture. It is equally true that although Qin initiated many effective projects in ancient China, these project s required a lot of taxes and human labor from the Chinese people that was against their will and ability. Indeed, he forced the ordinary people to work on his projects with harsh and cruel punishments muted on the people. As such, though the projects were viable, they made his rule very unpopular among the poor citizens. Moreover, Qin initiated and completed the Great Wall of China (Morton and Lewis 45-46). However, this wall had huge costs on human lives from hunger,